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B Pharmacy Semester 1 Notes
Download B Pharmacy Semester 1 Notes PDF, where you get quality content for all units from 1 to 5 of B Pharma Course.
Topics Cover in Semester 1 Notes (B Pharmacy)
- Human Anatomy and Physiology I
- Pharmaceutics I
- Pharmaceutical Analysis I
- Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry
Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Unit 1
Introduction to Human Body
- Definition and Scope of Anatomy and Physiology
- levels of structural organization and body systems
- Basic life processes
- Homeostasis
- Basic anatomical terminology
Cellular Level of Organization
- Structure and Functions of Cell
- Transport across Cell Membrane
- Cell Division
- Cell Junctions
- Cell communication
Tissue Level of Organization
- Epithelial Tissue
- Connective Tissue
- Muscle Tissue
- Nervous Tissue
Unit 2
Integumentary System
- Introduction: Integumentary System
- Structure of the Skin
- Functions of the Skin
Skeletal System
- Bone
- Division of Skeletal System
- Function of Skeletal System
- Organization of Skeletal Muscle
- Physiology of Muscle Contraction
- Neuromuscular Junction
Joints
- Structural Classification of Joints
- Functional Classification of Joints
- Types of Joint Movements
Unit 3
Body Fluids and Blood
- Body Fluids
- Blood: composition and functions
- Hemopoiesis (Haematopoiesis)
- Formation of haemoglobin
- Anaemia
- Mechanisms of coagulation
- Blood grouping
- Rh Factors
- Transfusion & its significance
- Disorders of blood
- Reticuloendothelial System (RES)
Lymphatic System
- Lymphatic system
- Lymphatic organs and tissues
- Lymphatic vessel
- Lymph circulation
- Functions of lymphatic system
Unit 4
Peripheral Nervous System
- The nervous system: Introduction
- Classification of the Peripheral nervous system
- Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS): Structure and functions
- Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS): Structure and functions
- Spinal Nerves
- Cranial Nerves
- Nerve Plexuses & Reflex Actions
Special Senses
- Eye & It’s disorders
- Ear & It’s disorders
- Nose & It’s disorders
- Tongue & It’s disorders
Unit 5
Cardiovascular System
- Cardiovascular system
- Cardiovascular system
- Heart: Anatomy of heart
- Blood circulation through heart
- Blood vessels: artery, vein & capillaries (structure & functions)
- Elements of the Conduction System of the Heart and the Heartbeat
- Heartbeat Regulation by the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
- Cardiac output
- Cardiac cycle
- Regulation of blood pressure
- Pulse
- Electrocardiogram
- Disorders of heart
Pharmaceutics I
Unit 1
Historical background and Development of Profession of Pharmacy
- History of Indian pharmacy
- History of Pharmacy Education, Industry, and Organizations in India
- Pharmacy as a career
- Pharmacopoeias
Dosage Forms
- Introduction to Dosage Forms
- Classification and Definitions
Prescription
- Definition & Parts of a Prescription & Overview
- Handling of Prescription: Steps and Responsibilities
- Errors in prescription
Posology
- Posology: Definition and Factors Affecting Drug Dosage
- Pediatric dose calculations: based on age, body weight and body surface
Unit 2
Pharmaceutical calculations
- Weights and measures
- Calculations involving percentage solutions
- Alligation in Pharmaceutical Calculations
- Proof spirit
- Isotonic solutions: based on freezing point and molecular weight
Powders
- Introduction to Powder: Definition, classification, advantages & disadvantages
- Mixing of powders
- Simple and compound powders
- Dusting Powders
- Effervescent Powders
- Efflorescent Powders
- Hygroscopic Powders
- Eutectic mixture
- Geometric dilutions
Liquid Dosage Gorm
- Advantages and disadvantages of liquid dosage forms
- Excipients used in formulation of liquid dosage form
- Solubility enhancement techniques in liquid dosage form
Unit 3
Monophasic liquids
- Monophasic Liquids
- Gargles
- Mouthwashes
- Throat paint
- Eardrops
- Nasal drops
- Enemas
- Syrups
- Elixirs
- Liniments
- Lotions
Biphasic Liquids
- Suspensions
- Flocculated suspension
- Deflocculated suspension
- Emulsions
- Emulsifying Agents
- Test for the identification of type of Emulsion
- Methods of preparation of emulsion
- Stability problems and methods to overcome of emulsion
Unit 4
Suppositories
- Suppositories
- Types of Suppository bases
- Methods of preparations suppositories
- Displacement value & its calculations
- Evaluation of suppositories
- Packaging and storage of suppositories
Pharmaceutical Incompatibilities
- Pharmaceutical Incompatibilities
- Physical incompatibilities
- Chemical incompatibilities
- Therapeutic incompatibilities
- Strategies to overcome incompatibilities
Unit 5
Semisolid dosage forms
- Semisolid Dosage Forms
- Mechanisms of dermal penetration
- Factors influencing dermal penetration
- Preparation of Ointments
- Preparation of Pastes
- Preparation of Creams
- Preparation of Gels
- Excipients used in semi solid dosage forms
- Evaluation of semi solid dosages forms
Pharmaceutical Analysis I
Unit 1
Pharmaceutical Analysis
- Definition and scope of pharmaceutical analysis
- Different techniques of analysis
- Methods of expressing concentration with formula
- Primary and secondary standards
- Preparation and standardization of various molar and normal solutions
Error
- Errors in Analytical Chemistry
- Accuracy and Precision
- Significant figures
Topic
- Pharmacopoeia
- Impurities in pharmaceutical substances
- Limit test
Unit 2
Acid Base Titration
- Theories of acid base indicators
- Classification of acid base titrations
- Neutralization curves
Non-Aqueous Titration
- Introduction: Non-aqueous titration
- Solvents
- Acidimetry and alkalimetry titration
- Estimation of Sodium Benzoate:
- Estimation of Ephedrine HCl
Unit 3
Precipitation titrations
- Precipitation titrations
- Mohr’s method
- Volhard’s method
- Modified Volhard’s Method (Direct Volhard’s Method)
- Fajans Method (Adsorption Indicator Method)
- Estimation of sodium chloride
Complexometric titration
- Complexometric Titration
- Classification of Complexometric Titrations
- Metal ion indicators
- Masking and demasking reagents
- Estimation of Magnesium Sulfate by Complexometric Titration
- Estimation of Calcium Gluconate by Complexometric Titration
Gravimetry
- Gravimetric Analysis: Principle and Steps
- Purity of the precipitate: co-precipitation and post precipitation
- Estimation of Barium Sulfate (BaSO₄) by Gravimetric Analysis
Diazotization titration
- Diazotization titration
Unit 4
Redox Titrations
- Introduction to Redox Titrations
- Concept of Oxidation
- Concept of Reduction
- Types of redox titrations
Unit 5
Conductometry
- Introduction to Conductometry in Pharmaceutical Analysis
- Conductivity Cell
- Conductometric Titrations
- Potentiometry
Potentiometry
- Electrochemical cell
- Reference Electrodes: Construction and Working
- Indicator Electrodes: Construction and Working
- Methods to Determine End Point in Potentiometric Titrations
Polarography
- Polarography
- Dropping Mercury Electrode (DME)
- Rotating Platinum Electrode (RPE)
- Applications of Polarography
Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry
Unit 1
Impurities in pharmaceutical substances
- Pharmacopoeia
- Impurities in pharmaceutical substances
- Limit test
- Limit test for Chloride
- Limit Test for Sulfate
- Limit test for Iron
- Limit test for Arsenic
- Limit test for Lead
- Limit test for Heavy metals
- Modified Limit Test for Chloride (Volhard Method)
- Modified Limit Test for Sulfate (Gravimetric Analysis)
Unit 2
Acids, Bases and Buffers
- Introduction: Acids, Bases, and Buffer
- Acid and Base Theory
- Buffer solution
- Buffers in pharmaceutical systems
- Buffered isotonic solutions
- Tonicity
- Measurements of tonicity
- Calculations of Isotonicity
- Methods of adjusting isotonicity
Major Extra & Intracellular electrolytes
- Introduction: Acids, Bases, and Buffer
- Acid and Base Theory
- Buffer solution
- Buffers in pharmaceutical systems
- Buffered isotonic solutions
- Tonicity
- Measurements of tonicity
- Calculations of Isotonicity
- Methods of adjusting isotonicity
Dental Products
- Teeth
- Dentifrices
- Role of fluoride in the treatment of dental caries
- Desensitizing agents
- Calcium carbonate: Desensitizing agents
- Sodium fluoride: Desensitizing agents
- Zinc eugenol cement: Desensitizing agents
Unit 3
Gastrointestinal Agents
- Gastrointestinal agents: Introduction
- Acidifiers
- Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl)
- Dilute Hydrochloric Acid (Dil. HCl)
- Antacid: Ideal properties of antacids, combinations of antacids
- Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)
- Aluminium Hydroxide Gel (Al(OH)₃)
- Magnesium Hydroxide Mixture (Mg(OH)₂)
- Cathartics
- Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO₄)
- Sodium Orthophosphate (Na₃PO₄)Kaolin
- Bentonite
- Antimicrobials
- Potassium Permanganate (kmno4)
- Boric Acid (H₃BO₃)
- Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂)
- Chlorinated Lime (Calcium Hypochlorite, Ca(ClO)₂)
- Iodine (I₂) its preparations
Unit 4
Miscellaneous Compounds
- Expectorants
- Potassium iodide (KI)
- Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl)
- Emetics
- Copper Sulfate (CuSO₄)
- Sodium Potassium Tartrate (Rochelle Salt, NaKC₄H₄O₆·4H₂O)
- Haematinics
- Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO₄)
- Ferrous Gluconate (C₁₂H₂₂FeO₁₄)Poison and Antidote
- Sodium Thiosulfate
- Activated Charcoal
- Sodium Nitrite
- Astringents
- Zinc Sulphate
- Potash Alum (Potassium Aluminium Sulfate)
Unit 5
Radiopharmaceuticals
- Radiopharmaceuticals
- Radio activity
- Measurement of radioactivity
- α, β, γ radiations and their properties
- Half-Life
- Radioisotopes
- Radioactive Substances: Storage Conditions, Precautions, & Pharmaceutical Application
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